How to create plots in r
How do you plot data in R?
Can you make graphs in R?
R has several systems for making graphs, but ggplot2 is one of the most elegant and most versatile.
How do you make a pretty plot in R?
Beautiful plotting in R: A ggplot2 cheatsheet
- Add a title ( ggtitle() or labs() )
- Make title bold and add a little space at the baseline ( face , margin )
- Use a non-traditional font in your title ( family )
- Change spacing in multi-line text ( lineheight )
How do you set plot margins in R?
To visualize how R creates plot margins, look at margin Figure 11.20. You can adjust the size of the margins by specifying a margin parameter using the syntax par(mar = c(bottom, left, top, right)) , where the arguments bottom , left … are the size of the margins. The default value for mar is c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1).
How do I run Ggplot in R?
How do I make a scatter plot in R?
A scatter plot can be created using the function plot(x, y). The function lm() will be used to fit linear models between y and x. A regression line will be added on the plot using the function abline(), which takes the output of lm() as an argument.
How do I install R?
You can download R at https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html. Select the CRAN mirror site closest to you, then in the box labeled “Download and Install R”, click the link corresponding to your operating system.
What library is melt in R?
The melt function is to be found in the reshape package. If you do not have that package installed, then you will need to install it with install. packages(“reshape”) before you can use it. Then, when the package is installed, make it available with library(reshape) .
What does melt in R?
Melting in R programming is done to organize the data. It is performed using melt() function which takes dataset and column values that has to be kept constant. Using melt(), dataframe is converted into long format and stretches the data frame.
How do I create a data frame in R?
To combine a number of vectors into a data frame, you simple add all vectors as arguments to the data. frame() function, separated by commas. R will create a data frame with the variables that are named the same as the vectors used.
How do you gather a function in R?
To use gather() , pass it the name of a data frame to reshape. Then pass gather() a character string to use for the name of the “key” column that it will make, as well as a character string to use as the name of the value column that it will make.
How do I use mutate in R?
To use mutate in R, all you need to do is call the function, specify the dataframe, and specify the name-value pair for the new variable you want to create.
How do you split data in R?
There is a very simple way to select a number of rows using the R index for rows and columns. This lets you CLEANLY split the data set given a number of rows – say the 1st 80% of your data.
How do I replace NAs with 0 in R?
To replace NA with 0 in an R data frame, use is.na() function and then select all those values with NA and assign them to 0. myDataframe is the data frame in which you would like replace all NAs with 0.
How do I replace missing values in R?
How to Replace Missing Values(NA) in R: na. omit & na. rm
- mutate()
- Exclude Missing Values (NA)
- Impute Missing Values (NA) with the Mean and Median.
How does R deal with missing data?
When you import dataset from other statistical applications the missing values might be coded with a number, for example 99 . In order to let R know that is a missing value you need to recode it. Another useful function in R to deal with missing values is na. omit() which delete incomplete observations.
How do I convert character to numeric in R?
To convert a character vector to a numeric vector, use as. numeric(). It is important to do this before using the vector in any statistical functions, since the default behavior in R is to convert character vectors to factors.
How do I use numeric function in R?
To convert factors to numeric value in R, use the as. numeric() function. If the input is a vector, then use the factor() method to convert it into the factor and then use the as. numeric() method to convert the factor into numeric values.
How do I convert a character to a factor in R?
- Gender. and.
- Type. are.
- char. variables. Let’s convert them to factors. df[sapply(df, is. character)] <- lapply(df[sapply(df, is. character)], as. factor) df[sapply(df, is.character)] <- lapply(df[sapply(df, is.character)], as.factor) df[sapply(df, is.character)] <- lapply(df[sapply(df, is.character)], as.factor)
How do I extract rows in R?
How do I combine data frames in R?
To merge two data frames (datasets) horizontally, use the merge function. In most cases, you join two data frames by one or more common key variables (i.e., an inner join).